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function wp_get_speculation_rules(): ?WP_Speculation_Rules {
	$configuration = wp_get_speculation_rules_configuration();
	if ( null === $configuration ) {
		return null;
	}

	$mode      = $configuration['mode'];
	$eagerness = $configuration['eagerness'];

	$prefixer = new WP_URL_Pattern_Prefixer();

	$base_href_exclude_paths = array(
		$prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/wp-*.php', 'site' ),
		$prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/wp-admin/*', 'site' ),
		$prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/*', 'uploads' ),
		$prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/*', 'content' ),
		$prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/*', 'plugins' ),
		$prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/*', 'template' ),
		$prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/*', 'stylesheet' ),
	);

	/*
	 * If pretty permalinks are enabled, exclude any URLs with query parameters.
	 * Otherwise, exclude specifically the URLs with a `_wpnonce` query parameter or any other query parameter
	 * containing the word `nonce`.
	 */
	if ( get_option( 'permalink_structure' ) ) {
		$base_href_exclude_paths[] = $prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/*\\?(.+)', 'home' );
	} else {
		$base_href_exclude_paths[] = $prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/*\\?*(^|&)*nonce*=*', 'home' );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the paths for which speculative loading should be disabled.
	 *
	 * All paths should start in a forward slash, relative to the root document. The `*` can be used as a wildcard.
	 * If the WordPress site is in a subdirectory, the exclude paths will automatically be prefixed as necessary.
	 *
	 * Note that WordPress always excludes certain path patterns such as `/wp-login.php` and `/wp-admin/*`, and those
	 * cannot be modified using the filter.
	 *
	 * @since 6.8.0
	 *
	 * @param string[] $href_exclude_paths Additional path patterns to disable speculative loading for.
	 * @param string   $mode               Mode used to apply speculative loading. Either 'prefetch' or 'prerender'.
	 */
	$href_exclude_paths = (array) apply_filters( 'wp_speculation_rules_href_exclude_paths', array(), $mode );

	// Ensure that:
	// 1. There are no duplicates.
	// 2. The base paths cannot be removed.
	// 3. The array has sequential keys (i.e. array_is_list()).
	$href_exclude_paths = array_values(
		array_unique(
			array_merge(
				$base_href_exclude_paths,
				array_map(
					static function ( string $href_exclude_path ) use ( $prefixer ): string {
						return $prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( $href_exclude_path );
					},
					$href_exclude_paths
				)
			)
		)
	);

	$speculation_rules = new WP_Speculation_Rules();

	$main_rule_conditions = array(
		// Include any URLs within the same site.
		array(
			'href_matches' => $prefixer->prefix_path_pattern( '/*' ),
		),
		// Except for excluded paths.
		array(
			'not' => array(
				'href_matches' => $href_exclude_paths,
			),
		),
		// Also exclude rel=nofollow links, as certain plugins use that on their links that perform an action.
		array(
			'not' => array(
				'selector_matches' => 'a[rel~="nofollow"]',
			),
		),
		// Also exclude links that are explicitly marked to opt out.
		array(
			'not' => array(
				'selector_matches' => ".no-{$mode}",
			),
		),
	);

	// If using 'prerender', also exclude links that opt-out of 'prefetch' because it's part of 'prerender'.
	if ( 'prerender' === $mode ) {
		$main_rule_conditions[] = array(
			'not' => array(
				'selector_matches' => '.no-prefetch',
			),
		);
	}

	$speculation_rules->add_rule(
		$mode,
		'main',
		array(
			'source'    => 'document',
			'where'     => array(
				'and' => $main_rule_conditions,
			),
			'eagerness' => $eagerness,
		)
	);

	/**
	 * Fires when speculation rules data is loaded, allowing to amend the rules.
	 *
	 * @since 6.8.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Speculation_Rules $speculation_rules Object representing the speculation rules to use.
	 */
	do_action( 'wp_load_speculation_rules', $speculation_rules );

	return $speculation_rules;
}